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Erišu(m) I (inscribed m''e-ri-šu'', or mAPIN''-ìš'' in later texts but always with an initial ''i'' in his own seal, inscriptions, and those of his immediate successors, “he has desired,”) son of Ilu-šuma, was the ruler of Assyria ca. 1905-1867 BC (short chronology) or 1974–1935 BC (middle chronology),〔Some historians quote ca. 1939–1900 BC (''after'' Amélie Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East, C. 3000-330 BC, Volume 1, Routledge, 1996, p. 82).〕 the 33rd to appear on the ''Assyrian kinglist'' and reigned for 40 years.〔Khorsabad kinglist.〕 He titled himself: "Aššur is king, Erišum is vice-regent"〔d''a-šùr'' LUGAL ''i-ri-šu-um'' PA.〕 and ''Išši’ak Aššur''ki, “governor of Assyria,” at a time when the small city state seems to have been controlled by an oligarchy of the patriarchs of the prominent families and subject to the “judgment of the city,” or ''dīn alim''. The most significant event of his reign was the establishment of distant trading posts, ''kārum'', in central Anatolia, the best known being that located at Kültepe, ancient Kaneš, as the city’s merchant family firms vigorously pursued commercial expansion. ==Biography== One of two copies of the ''Assyrian Kinglist''〔SDAS Kinglist: () ''u'' DUMU mDINGIR''-šum-ma'', (li-ma-ni''? ''-šu-ni'' 10 ) + 30 MU.MEŠ LUGAL''-ta'' DÙ''-uš''.〕 which include him gives his reign length as only 30 years, but this contrasts with a complete list of his eponyms, some 40, which are extant from tablets〔KEL A (kt 92/k 193), at (CDLI ).〕 recovered at Kültepe.〔 These were discovered in 1948 with three other similar though fragmentary lists and two copies of an inscription of Erišum detailing the regulations concerning the administration of justice in Aššur, including the possibility of bona fide plaintiffs to obtain an attorney (''rābiṣum'') to represent them: According to Veenhof, Erišum’s reign marks the period when the institution of the annually appointed limmum, or eponym, was introduced. The Assyrian Kinglist observes of his immediate predecessors, “in all six kings (from ) bricks, whose eponyms have not been marked/found.” Following the example set by his father, he proclaimed ''tax exemptions'', or as Michael Hudson has interpreted: "I proclaimed a ''remission of debts'' payable in silver, gold, copper, tin, barley, wool, down to chaff." This appears in an inscription on one side of a large broken block of alabaster,〔BM 115689, Ass. 16850.〕 apparently described as a ''ṭuppu''. The shallow depression on its top has led some to identify it as a door socket. It was during his reign that ''kārums'' were established along trade routes into Anatolia in the lower city of Kaneš (Kültepe), and others were to follow in Amkuwa (Alisar Höyük), Ḫattuša (Boğazköy) and eighteen other locations yet to be identified, some designated ''warbatums'', satellites of and subordinate to the ''kārums''. Around 23,000 tablets have been found at Kaneš spanning a period of 129 years from the 30th year of Erišum’s reign through to that of Puzur-Aššur II or possibly Narām-Sîn with the earliest from level II including copies of his inscriptions. The markets traded tin (inscribed AN.NA, Akkadian: ''annukum''), textiles, lapis lazuli, iron, antimony, copper, bronze, wool, and grain for gold and silver. His numerous contemporary inscriptions commemorate his building of the temple for Aššur, called “Wild Bull,” with its courtyard (cattle pen?) and two beer vats and the accompanying curses to those who would use them for their intended purposes. His efforts were recalled by the later kings Šamši-Adad I, in his rebuilding dedication,〔 and Šulmanu-ašared I, who noted that 159 years had passed between Erišum’s work and that of Šamši-Adad, and a further 580 years until his own when a fire had gutted it.〔 He had exercised eminent domain to clear an area from the Sheep Gate to the People’s Gate to make way for an enlargement of the city wall, so that he could boast that “I made a wall higher than the wall my father had constructed.”〔 Erišum’s other civic constructions included the temple of Ištar and that of Adad. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Erishum I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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